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| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | Христова, Г.О. | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2015-04-24T13:36:56Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2015-04-24T13:36:56Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2013 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | Христова Г. О. Доктрина позитивних зобов'язань держави щодо прав людини: основні етапи формування / Г. О. Христова // Державне будівництво та місцеве самоврядування : зб. наук. пр. – Харків, 2013. – Вип. 26. – С. 16–32. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://dspace.nlu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7547 | - |
| dc.description | Liberal human rights doctrine has focused primarily on protecting private individuals from abuse by public authorities. Governments and various state agencies have the greatest effect in the field of human rights. Human rights law is therefore basically addressed to states and covers the «negative obligation» of the state not to violate individuals rights in any way. Such obligations of the state apply to the introduction of legislation or the application of such legislation. But it is clear that the full implementation of human rights cannot be achieved only by the prohibition of any illegitimate interference of public authorities. So positive obligations of the state may include obligations to implement, to guarantee or to protect rights. Nowadays the doctrine of positive obligations of the state makes the integral part of the modern theory of human rights as well as international, prima facie, European human rights law. The most substantial concept of positive obligations is developed by European Court of Human Right as the result of its interpretation and application of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its Protocols. The Court has not provided an authoritative definition of positive obligations. However, Judge Martens in his dissenting opinion in Gul v Switzerland defined them as «requiring member states to … take action». Also most of the rights under the Convention are negative rights («or rights to freedom from interference»), they may impose obligations on the state to take positive action to protect people. Positive obligations of the state may be «legal» or «practical» so it is not enough for legal remedies to exist: it must also be possible for them to be really and usefully exercised. Another fundamental distinction of positive obligations of the state is that between «procedural» obligations and «substantive». Substantial obligations require prohibiting ill-treatment or forced labour, equipping prisons etc. As for procedural obligations, they impose the duty of the state to enact criminal legislation which is both dissuasive and effective and to conduct an effective investigation into the facts complained of as infringing particular right of freedom. C. Droge, the author of the doctoral thesis Positive Verpflichtungen tier Staaten in der Europaischen Menschenrechtskonvention (2003), presents a «normative» categorisation of positive obligations within which the study of positive obligations can be undertaken through a more «holistic» human rights theory as liberal, social and multidimensional understanding of fundamental rights. The division of these categories breaks down to a «horizontal» and «social» dimension within which the case-law of the Court can fit. The former concerns the protection of human rights between private parties, while the latter comprise not only the so-called economic and social rights, but also rights to legislative action, for example to enact the laws necessary for the enjoyment of right in a given national system. Subsequent analysis of the different types of positive duties of the state based on the case-law of the Court will make a considerable contribution in development of national standards of evaluation of efficiency of the actions of the state in the field of human rights. The doctrine of positive obligations of the state regarding human rights ought to be integrated into the constitutional doctrine of Ukraine. | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | У статті визначаються витоки ідеї обов’язку держави поважати та гарантувати права людини, яка бере свій початок у класичних конституційних доктринах природного права та суспільного договору; характеризуються основні етапи формування доктрини позитивних зобов’язань держави у сфері прав людини, її розвиток Європейським судом з прав людини; розкриваються основні підходи до класифікації позитивних обов’язків держави, а також принципи, що визначають зміст цієї доктрини. | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | В статье определяются истоки идеи обязанности государства уважать и гарантировать права человека, которая уходит корнями в классические конституционные доктрины естественного права и общественного договора; характеризуются основные этапы формирования доктрины позитивных обязательств государства в сфере прав человека, ее развитие Европейским судом по правам человека; раскрываются основные подходы к классификации позитивных обязанностей государства, а также принципы, определяющие содержание этой доктрины. | - |
| dc.language.iso | other | en_US |
| dc.subject | правова доктрина | en_US |
| dc.subject | права людини | en_US |
| dc.subject | негативні і позитивні зобов’язання держави | en_US |
| dc.subject | Європейський суд з прав людини | en_US |
| dc.subject | правовая доктрина | en_US |
| dc.subject | права человека | en_US |
| dc.subject | негативные и позитивные обязательства государства | en_US |
| dc.subject | Европейский суд по правам человека | en_US |
| dc.subject | legal doctrine | en_US |
| dc.subject | human rights | en_US |
| dc.subject | negative and positive obligations of the state | en_US |
| dc.subject | European Court of Human Rights | en_US |
| dc.title | Доктрина позитивних зобов'язань держави щодо прав людини: основні етапи формування | en_US |
| dc.title.alternative | Доктрина позитивных обязательств государства в сфере прав человека: основные этапы формирования | en_US |
| dc.title.alternative | Doctrine of positive obligations of the state regarding the human rights: main stages of development | en_US |
| dc.type | Article | en_US |
| Appears in Collections: | Наукові статті кафедри теорії держави і права | |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khrystova_16.pdf | 184.84 kB | Adobe PDF |  View/Open |
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