Аналоги наркотичних засобів і психотропних речовин як предмет кримінальних правопорушень (ч. 1 – фізичні ознаки)

Abstract

Стаття є першою частиною зі статей, присвячених дослідженню кримінально-правового статусу аналогів наркотичних засобів і психотропних речовин. У ній предметно розглядаються фізичні ознаки аналогів, як предмета кримінальних правопорушень. Спершу розглядається родова ознака аналогів – вони є хімічними речовинами. Далі аналізується ознака, яка головним чином вирізняє аналог від наркотичних засобів і психотропних речовин – він не є тотожним з ними, хоч і має подібну хімічну структуру. Фокусується увага і на кількісних параметрах аналогу, як предмета кримінального правопорушення.

The article is the first part of the articles that devote to the investigation of the criminal legal status of analogues of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. They are the subject of a number of criminal offenses provided for both by the current Criminal Code of Ukraine and by the Project of the Criminal Code of Ukraine developed by the Working Group under the President of Ukraine. It is customary to analyze the subject of a criminal offense in the doctrine of criminal law by distinguishing its physical, social (socio-economic) and legal features. This article explores the physical characteristics of analogs as the subject of criminal offenses. First, the generic feature of analogues is considered – they are chemical substances. In this connection, special consideration is given to question, can analogues be synthetic or natural substances, preparation or natural materials. Next, the feature that mainly distinguishes the analogue from narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is analyzed – it is not identical to them, although it has a similar chemical structure to them. The problem of the evaluative nature of the concept of «similarity» is highlighted and a conclusion is drawn as to whether it has been resolved due to the fact that today the limits of similarity of chemical structures are determined by normatively established Criteria. The question of whether isomers and stereoisomers, simple and complex esters, homologues, metabolites and salts of these drugs and substances can be recognized as analogues of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is analyzed. Quantitative characteristics of analogs that affect to the qualification of the committed act («small size», «large size», «especially large size») are determined in the same way as in relation to the corresponding means/substance with which the similarity of the chemical structure is established.