Напрями державного регулювання розвитку науково-дослідницьких інфраструктур під час дії воєнного стану в Україні

Abstract

У науковій роботі розглянуті окремі аспекти визначення напрямів державного регулювання розвитку науководослідницьких інфраструктур в Україні. Наукова стаття підготовлена у межах теми фундаментального дослідження «Правові механізми нової науково-дослідницької інфраструктури» (номер державної реєстрації РК УкрІНТЕІ № 0121U113768). Встановлено, що питання формування основних напрямів державного регулювання розвитку науково-дослідницьких інфраструктур в умовах воєнного стану і економічної нестабільності є актуальними та складними. Визначено, що розв’язання проблем сфери функціонування дослідницьких інфраструктур потребує впровадження ефективних інструментів державного регулювання та реалізації відповідних напрямів, що сприяє формуванню та розбудові національної системи дослідницьких інфраструктур. Розглянуті окремі положення Закону України «Про наукову і науково-технічну діяльність», які регламентують напрями державної політики у сфері наукової і науково-технічної діяльності. Зазначено, що основний вектор державної політики щодо розвитку науково-дослідницьких інфраструктур повинен бути спрямований на розбудову національної системи дослідницьких інфраструктур, її належне нормативно-правове та фінансове забезпечення, в тому числі шляхом впровадження ефективних механізмів розподілу коштів, удосконалення процесів управління та продовження інтеграції у європейський та світовий дослідницький простір. Встановлено, що стан науково-дослідницької інфраструктури забезпечує проведення досліджень на високому рівні та комерціалізацію наукових результатів, тому її розвиток є важливим фактором забезпечення інтеграції української науки у світовий науковий та Європейський дослідницький простір. Зроблені висновки, що держава повинна створювати умови для активізації та розвитку науково-дослідницької інфраструктури відповідно до нормативно визначених перспективних напрямів розвитку.Problem setting. Legal support of functional processes of research activities takes on special importance in view of the current conditions of martial law and the continued integration of Ukraine with the European community, and therefore must meet European standards and be adapted to modern challenges. The issue of determining the main directions of state regulation of the development of scientific and research infrastructure in conditions of martial law and economic instability is relevant and multi-component. Therefore, solving the problems of the sphere of functioning of scientific and research infrastructures requires the introduction of effective instruments of state regulation and the implementation of relevant directions, which contributes to the formation and development of the national system of research infrastructures. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Issues of legal support and state regulation of the development of research infrastructure have always been in the focus of attention of many scientists. A. M. Liubchych considered the role and significance of research infrastructure in the national innovation system of Ukraine and concluded that consistent, transparent and sustainable financing of infrastructure and its management is crucial for supporting Ukraine’s competitiveness and developing its leadership in the field of research and innovation. O. V. Shapovalova and S. V. Tereshchenko considered the legal problems of adapting public-private partnership instruments to the needs of rebuilding scientific infrastructure and determined that the public-private partnership mechanism can be adapted to attract investments in rebuilding the scientific infrastructure of Ukraine, which will indirectly have a positive impact on the restoration of the post-war economy, while one of the reasons that hinders the development of mutually beneficial cooperation in the system of business and science relations, according to the authors, is the unrealized need to improve the legislative framework in the field of public-private partnership. The scientific work of V. P. Kokhan is devoted to the review of the dominant organizational and legal form of functioning of research infrastructures in the European Union, the history of its introduction, legal regulation, and features of activity. Purpose of research. The purpose of the article is to consider certain aspects of determining the directions of state regulation of development of research infrastructures in Ukraine. Article’s main body. The main regulatory legal act that defines the legal, organizational and financial principles of functioning and development in the field of scientific and scientific-technical activity and regulates the issues of functioning of scientific and scientific-technical infrastructures is the Law of Ukraine “On Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activity”. In accordance with Part 2 of Article 45 of Section V “Forms and Methods of State Regulation and Management in Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activity”, the state ensures: 1) socio-economic, organizational, legal conditions for the formation and effective use of scientific and scientific-technical potential, including state support for subjects of scientific and scientific-technical activity; 2) creation of a modern scientific infrastructure and a system of information support for scientific and scientific-technical activity, integration of education, science and production; 3) training of personnel in the field of scientific and scientific-technical activities by institutions of higher education, institutions of postgraduate education, scientific institutions, as well as specialized general educational institutions that interact with each other and with scientific institutions; 4) increasing the prestige of scientific and scientific-technical activities, supporting and encouraging young scientists; 5) financing and material support for fundamental and applied research; 6) organizing forecasting of trends in scientific-technical development for the long and medium term; 7) supporting priority areas of science and technology development, state target scientific and scientific-technical programs and concentrating resources for their implementation; 8) creating a market for scientific and scientific-technical products and introducing achievements of science and technology into all spheres of public life; 9) legal protection of intellectual property and creating conditions for its effective use; 10) organizing and conducting statistical observations in the field of scientific and scientific-technical activities; 11) conducting scientific and scientific-technical expertise of production, new technologies, equipment, research results, scientific (scientific-technical) programs and projects, etc.; 12) stimulating scientific and scientific-technical creativity, invention; 13) promoting scientific and scientific-technical achievements, inventions, new modern technologies, Ukraine’s contribution to the development of world science and technology; 14) establishing mutually beneficial relations with other states for the integration of domestic and world science, the entry of domestic science into the world scientific and European research space. The indicated directions of state policy reflect important components of the development of scientific and research infrastructure, however, in conditions of martial law they are not fully implemented. Currently, Ukraine has joined the European Research Infrastructure Consortiums (ERIC), is a full member of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology COST program and actively participates in the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), in particular, Ukrainian scientists are members of the EIT Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KICs), and Ukraine is also involved in the processes of creating and developing the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC). At the same time, the European Commission’s analytical report on the harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with the acquis Communautaire states that Ukraine demonstrates an average level of preparation in the field of science and research, and despite participation in EU research and innovation programs and the desire to integrate deeper into the European Research Area, research and innovation activities and the potential for technology development remain limited due to a lack of funding, ineffective mechanisms for distributing funds (for example, the lack of tenders) and fragmented management. Although Ukraine has relevant legislation to improve the research and innovation system, its implementation has not yet yielded significant results. Particularly important in the outlined context is the problem of proper funding and management in these areas. In addition, special attention should be paid to the analysis of problematic issues (challenges) on the solution of which the further functioning of the research and development infrastructure depends. The presence of problems in the functioning of research infrastructures makes it impossible to develop the national innovation ecosystem and its subsystems. Therefore, the main vector of state policy for the development of research infrastructures should be aimed at building a national system of research infrastructures, ensuring its proper regulatory and financial support, including by introducing effective mechanisms for distributing funds, improving management processes, and continuing integration into the European and global research space. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The state of the scientific research and innovation infrastructure ensures high-level research and commercialization of scientific results; therefore, its development is an important factor in ensuring the integration of Ukrainian science into the global scientific and European research space. The state must create conditions for activating the national scientific and technological potential, forming a favorable environment for innovative development, in particular for the development of scientific and technological infrastructure on the basis of proper state regulation and effective financial support in accordance with the normatively defined promising areas of development. State policy measures for the development of the sphere of science should be aimed, first of all, at improving the mechanisms of state budget support for the functioning of scientific and technological infrastructure and renewing the scientific and technological potential of the sphere of scientific and technological activity.